A new facility from the foundations and up. A project requiring demolition of an existing facility before new construction begins is also classified as grass roots.

An integrated database is a concept of organizing, storing, and managing all electronic data relating to a project in such a fashion that data is entered and stored once and then accessed and utilized by multiple users and applications. The users may include those involved with facility planning, design, procurement, construction, plant operations, and suppliers.

Materials management is an integrated process for planning and controlling all necessary efforts to make certain that the quality and quantity of materials and equipment are appropriately specified in a timely manner, are obtained at a reasonable cost, and are available when needed. The materials management systems combine and integrate the takeoff, vendor evaluation, purchasing, expediting, warehousing, distribution, and disposing of materials functions.

The point in time when a plant is capable of being operated although some trim, insulation, and painting may still be needed. This occurs after completion of precommissioning. In some industries, mechanical completion may have the same general meaning as beneficial occupancy.

A facility for which a substantial amount of the equipment, structure, or other components is replaced or modified, and which may expand capacity and/or improve the process or facility. Synonyms: Renovation, Upgrade.

Modularization refers to the use of offsite construction. For the purposes of the benchmarking data, modularization includes all work that represents substantial offsite construction and assembly of components and areas of the finished project. Examples that would fall within this categorization include:

• Skid assemblies of equipment and instrumentation that naturally ship to the site in one piece, and require minimal on-site reassembly.
• Super-skids of assemblies of components that typically represent substantial portions of the plant, intended to be installed in a building.
• Prefabricated modules comprising both industrial plant components and architecturally finished enclosures.

Modularization does not include offsite fabrication of components. Examples of work that would be excluded from the definition of modularization include:

• Fabrication of the component pieces of a structural framework
• Fabrication of piping spool-pieces

Startup is the transitional phase between plant construction completion and commercial operations, including all of the activities that bridge these two phases. Planning for Startup consists of a sequence of activities that begins during requirements definition and extends through initial operations.

Pre-Project Planning involves the process of developing sufficient strategic information that owners can address risk and decide to commit resources to maximize the chance for a successful project. Pre-project planning includes putting together the project team, selecting technology, selecting project site, developing project scope, and developing project alternatives. Pre-project planning is often perceived as synonymous with front-end loading, front-end planning, feasibility analysis, and conceptual planning. Project Budget at Authorization to Proceed. This is the estimated cost for your company’s portion of the project at authorization to proceed. If your contract had cost changes before authorization to proceed, then these changes should be included in the project budget. Do not include estimated costs for change orders received during project execution.

Changes required to execute the original scope of work or obtain original process basis. Examples include:

• Unforeseen site conditions that require a change in design / construction methods
• Changes required due to errors and omissions
• Acceleration
• Change in owner preferences
• Additional equipment or processes required to obtain original planned throughput
• Operability or maintainability changes

Practices related to the management and control of both scope changes and project changes. P&IDs (Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams). Schematic diagrams which show the layout and relationship of piping and instrumentation.

Schematic diagrams which show the layout and relationship of piping and instrumentation.

Quality Management incorporates all activities conducted to improve the efficiency, contract compliance and cost effectiveness of design, engineering, procurement, QA/QC, construction, and start-up elements of construction projects.

A facility for which a substantial amount of the equipment, structure, or other components is replaced or modified, and which may expand capacity and/or improve the process or facility. Synonyms: Modernization, Upgrade.

Changes in the base scope of work or process basis. Examples include:

• Feedstock change
• Changed site location
• Changed throughput
• Addition of unrelated scope

Team Building is a project-focused process that builds and develops shared goals, interdependence, trust and commitment, and accountability among team members and that seeks to improve team members problem-solving skills.

This is the total actual cost of all work performed by your company, including costs attributable to work added or deducted by change orders.

The period during which a boiler, generating unit, transmission line, or other facility is shutdown and unable to perform its normal operations. The shutdown of a facility including for maintenance, inspection, testing, regulatory changes, or, in some cases, for refuelling is known as a planned shutdown. Turnaround is interchangeable with shutdown or outage depending on industry groups.

A facility for which a substantial amount of the equipment, structure, or other components is replaced or modified, and which may expand capacity and/or improve the process or facility. Synonyms: Modernization, Renovation.

Zero accident techniques include the site specific safety programs and implementation, auditing and incentive efforts to create a project environment and a level of training that embraces the mind set that all accidents are preventable and that zero accidents is an obtainable goal.